Data Structures | Macros | Typedefs | Functions
tommytrie.h File Reference

Trie optimized for cache utilization. More...

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Data Structures

struct  tommy_trie_struct
 Trie container type. More...
 

Macros

#define TOMMY_TRIE_TREE_MAX   (64 / sizeof(void*))
 Number of branches on each inner node. More...
 
#define TOMMY_TRIE_BLOCK_SIZE   (TOMMY_TRIE_TREE_MAX * sizeof(void*))
 Trie block size. More...
 

Typedefs

typedef tommy_node tommy_trie_node
 Trie node. More...
 
typedef struct tommy_trie_struct tommy_trie
 Trie container type. More...
 

Functions

void tommy_trie_init (tommy_trie *trie, tommy_allocator *alloc)
 Initializes the trie. More...
 
void tommy_trie_insert (tommy_trie *trie, tommy_trie_node *node, void *data, tommy_key_t key)
 Inserts an element in the trie. More...
 
void * tommy_trie_remove (tommy_trie *trie, tommy_key_t key)
 Searches and removes the first element with the specified key. More...
 
tommy_trie_nodetommy_trie_bucket (tommy_trie *trie, tommy_key_t key)
 Gets the bucket of the specified key. More...
 
void * tommy_trie_search (tommy_trie *trie, tommy_key_t key)
 Searches an element in the trie. More...
 
void * tommy_trie_remove_existing (tommy_trie *trie, tommy_trie_node *node)
 Removes an element from the trie. More...
 
tommy_count_t tommy_trie_count (tommy_trie *trie)
 Gets the number of elements. More...
 
tommy_size_t tommy_trie_memory_usage (tommy_trie *trie)
 Gets the size of allocated memory. More...
 

Detailed Description

Trie optimized for cache utilization.

This trie is a standard implementation that stores elements in the order defined by the key.

It needs an external allocator for the inner nodes in the trie.

You can control the number of branches of each node using the TOMMY_TRIE_TREE_MAX define. More branches imply more speed, but a bigger memory occupation.

Compared to tommy_trie_inplace you have to provide a tommy_allocator allocator. Note that the C malloc() is too slow to futfill this role.

To initialize the trie you have to call tommy_allocator_init() to initialize the allocator, and tommy_trie_init() for the trie.

To insert elements in the trie you have to call tommy_trie_insert() for each element. In the insertion call you have to specify the address of the node, the address of the object, and the key value to use. The address of the object is used to initialize the tommy_node::data field of the node, and the key to initialize the tommy_node::key field.

struct object {
int value;
// other fields
tommy_node node;
};
struct object* obj = malloc(sizeof(struct object)); // creates the object
obj->value = ...; // initializes the object
tommy_trie_insert(&trie, &obj->node, obj, obj->value); // inserts the object

To find and element in the trie you have to call tommy_trie_search() providing the key to search.

int value_to_find = 1;
struct object* obj = tommy_trie_search(&trie, value_to_find);
if (!obj) {
// not found
} else {
// found
}

To iterate over all the elements in the trie with the same key, you have to use tommy_trie_bucket() and follow the tommy_node::next pointer until NULL.

int value_to_find = 1;
tommy_node* i = tommy_trie_bucket(&trie, value_to_find);
while (i) {
struct object* obj = i->data; // gets the object pointer
printf("%d\n", obj->value); // process the object
i = i->next; // goes to the next element
}

To remove an element from the trie you have to call tommy_trie_remove() providing the key to search and remove.

struct object* obj = tommy_trie_remove(&trie, value_to_remove);
if (obj) {
free(obj); // frees the object allocated memory
}

To destroy the trie you have to remove all the elements, and deinitialize the allocator using tommy_allocator_done().

Note that you cannot iterate over all the elements in the trie using the trie itself. You have to insert all the elements also in a tommy_list, and use the list to iterate. See the Tommy Multi Indexing example for more detail.

Macro Definition Documentation

#define TOMMY_TRIE_TREE_MAX   (64 / sizeof(void*))

Number of branches on each inner node.

It must be a power of 2. Suggested values are 8, 16 and 32. Any inner node, excluding leafs, contains a pointer to each branch.

The default size is choosen to exactly fit a typical cache line of 64 bytes.

#define TOMMY_TRIE_BLOCK_SIZE   (TOMMY_TRIE_TREE_MAX * sizeof(void*))

Trie block size.

You must use this value to initialize the allocator.

Typedef Documentation

Trie node.

This is the node that you have to include inside your objects.

typedef struct tommy_trie_struct tommy_trie

Trie container type.

Note
Don't use internal fields directly, but access the container only using functions.

Function Documentation

void tommy_trie_init ( tommy_trie trie,
tommy_allocator alloc 
)

Initializes the trie.

You have to provide an allocator initialized with both the size and align with TOMMY_TRIE_BLOCK_SIZE. You can share this allocator with other tries.

The tries is completely allocated through the allocator, and it doesn't need to be deinitialized.

Parameters
allocAllocator initialized with both the size and align with TOMMY_TRIE_BLOCK_SIZE.
void tommy_trie_insert ( tommy_trie trie,
tommy_trie_node node,
void *  data,
tommy_key_t  key 
)

Inserts an element in the trie.

You have to provide the pointer of the node embedded into the object, the pointer to the object and the key to use.

Parameters
nodePointer to the node embedded into the object to insert.
dataPointer to the object to insert.
keyKey to use to insert the object.
void* tommy_trie_remove ( tommy_trie trie,
tommy_key_t  key 
)

Searches and removes the first element with the specified key.

If the element is not found, 0 is returned. If more equal elements are present, the first one is removed. This operation is faster than calling tommy_trie_bucket() and tommy_trie_remove_existing() separately.

Parameters
keyKey of the element to find and remove.
Returns
The removed element, or 0 if not found.
tommy_trie_node* tommy_trie_bucket ( tommy_trie trie,
tommy_key_t  key 
)

Gets the bucket of the specified key.

The bucket is guaranteed to contain ALL and ONLY the elements with the specified key. You can access elements in the bucket following the ::next pointer until 0.

Parameters
keyKey of the element to find.
Returns
The head of the bucket, or 0 if empty.
void* tommy_trie_search ( tommy_trie trie,
tommy_key_t  key 
)

Searches an element in the trie.

You have to provide the key of the element you want to find. If more elements with the same key are present, the first one is returned.

Parameters
keyKey of the element to find.
Returns
The first element found, or 0 if none.
void* tommy_trie_remove_existing ( tommy_trie trie,
tommy_trie_node node 
)

Removes an element from the trie.

You must already have the address of the element to remove.

Returns
The tommy_node::data field of the node removed.
tommy_count_t tommy_trie_count ( tommy_trie trie)

Gets the number of elements.

tommy_size_t tommy_trie_memory_usage ( tommy_trie trie)

Gets the size of allocated memory.

It includes the size of the tommy_trie_node of the stored elements.